Recupero ed utilizzazione dei sottoprodotti enologici

[Autom. eng. transl.] Waste, by-product or resource? Despite the continuous legislative developments on the subject, the distinction between waste and by-product is not always so clear. Legislative Decree 205/2010 introduced a further clarification with respect to the Environmental Code (Legislative Decree 152/2006), in particular with regard to the definition of by-product. While the refusal is "any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard", the by-product must simultaneously satisfy a plurality of requirements. It must, in fact, be originated from a production process, constituting an integral part of it but without being its primary productive purpose. It must be, with certainty, used in the same or in a subsequent production or use process. It must be able to be used directly without any further treatment that is not part of normal industrial practice. The use must be complete and, finally, the intended use must be legal, respecting the various requirements related to the product, to safeguard human health and the environment, without having negative impacts on health and the environment. Furthermore, the by-products must have a market value, with the possibility, therefore, of being marketed without restrictions to a single and specific use or, even more risky, to a single user. The new text of 2010 also provides for the adoption of measures to establish qualitative and quantitative criteria that a specific substance or object must comply with to be considered a by-product by specific decrees of the Ministry of the Environment and the protection of the territory and the sea. and I don't refuse. The legislation remains, clearly, still difficult to interpret, especially with regard to possible treatments before final use. After this necessary introduction on the concept of by-products, this chapter wants to describe the current situation regarding the oenological by-products, the possibilities that could be there to make them an even more precious resource, together, finally, with some practical, economic and, obviously, considerations. legislative.