Psicologia dell'adozione e dell'affido familiare

[Autom. eng. transl.] In the succession of chapters, the intent is to address all the way the multiplicity of aspects that such experiences evoke and ask to be treated. The first chapter highlights the common DNA of foster care and adoption as forms of "radical" parenting whose main purpose is the protection of the filial identity described through the declination of the modalities that in these families the registers of parenting and of filiation (biological, nurturing-educational, intergenerational and social). In the following chapter, foster care and adoption are considered as specific family transitions triggered by critical events that require each protagonist of the family scene resources and skills to cope with the challenges and developmental tasks required of them. Chapter 3 offers an updated examination of the state of the art and the current dimension of adoption (national and international) and foster care, showing how child protection and family support interventions are placed at the crossroads of numerous disciplinary areas: psychological, social, educational and legal. The excursus on the legislation governing these institutions provides an analytical and complete reading of the most relevant articles of law, offering an exhaustive picture of the complex set of rules on the subject. Chapter 4 is dedicated to a review of the vast national and international literature on adoptive issues, highlighting the orientations that have dominated the main lines of research, starting from the first comparative studies up to the most recent research on the genetic and neurobiological factors involved in variability adaptation to adoption. In particular, the theme of ethnic identity is then explored, taking into consideration the research concerning the complex process of identity construction in international adoption cases (chapter 5), while the sixth chapter offers an overview of the most recent research on the themes of the psychosocial well-being of adoptees in adulthood, the search for origins, the construction of the couple bond and the transition to parenthood. The following chapter (chapter 7) outlines the panorama of national and international literature concerning research on the phenomena of crisis and failure in the adoption process, their diffusion and risk and prevention factors. In chapters 8 and 9, through the contributions of national and international literature studies, the emerging themes of social and clinical research on family custody are addressed, such as, for example, the importance of the relationship of minors with their families of origin, the bond between siblings in joint placement and experimentation with new forms of foster care. An excursus is then presented on the new methods of family care, starting from the "lighter" forms of family fostering, reviewing some judicial practices such as mild adoption or open adoption, to then illustrate the "peculiar" forms of fostering such as, for example, homocultural fostering, professional fostering and family support. Chapter 10 illustrates the preventive-promotional interventions for the accompaniment of adoptive and foster families, aimed at enriching and strengthening family ties with an in-depth study of the Family Enrichment Pathways. Finally, chapter 11 presents the clinical support and help interventions for complex families together with the main symbolic tools (for example the Double Moon Test and the Life book), role play, spontaneous drawing and free narration, as well as some interesting application examples, to then close with a lunge on trauma, dissociative disorders and intervention