“Primum Non Nocere” in Interventional Oncology for Liver Cancer: How to Reduce the Risk for Complications?

Interventional oncology represents a relatively new clinical discipline based upon minimally invasive therapies applicable to almost every human organ and disease. Over the last several decades, rapidly evolving research developments have introduced a newer generation of treatment devices, reagents, and image-guidance systems to expand the armamentarium of interventional oncology across a wide spectrum of disease sites, offering potential cure, control, or palliative care for many types of cancer patients. Due to the widespread use of locoregional procedures, a comprehensive review of the methodologic and technical considerations to optimize patient selection with the aim of performing a safe procedure is mandatory. This article summarizes the expert discussion and report from the Mediterranean Interventional Oncology Live Congress (MIOLive 2020) held in Rome, Italy, integrating evidence-reported literature and experience-based perceptions as a means for providing guidance on prudent ways to reduce complications. The aim of the paper is to provide an updated guiding tool not only to residents and fellows but also to colleagues approaching locoregional treatments.