Nuovi paradigmi e i disturbi del neurosviluppo: le linee di cambiamento che emergono dal dibattito

[Autom. eng. transl.] The contribution presented here is proposed as a synthesis of the numerous and rich ones contributions received to comment on the target article by Antonietti et al. (2022) on the possibility/need to change the paradigm to address and understand neurodevelopmental disorders. The debate, with the integration with what is available in the literature, has allowed to highlight lines of change to address the complexity that characterizes the development trajectories at various levels of analysis. The multi-level approach is analyzed here through three constructs: 1) biological and/or psychological vulnerability in interaction with the environment; 2) development as an atypical organization of brain connections; 3) the procedural vision of reality. The insights proposed in the debate made it possible to highlight factors that are considered relevant for research, for clinical diagnostic work and for intervention. Academic training and training of healthcare professionals can be the functional tool for promoting knowledge and skills aimed at greater awareness of the change that is taking place.