Negative and positive sanctions

This brief chapter throws light on a set of insights which can be eventually used to design a comprehensive framework for shifting from negative sanctions to positive sanctions. In order to do that, I first briefly present the well-known elements of the debate on the effectiveness of negative sanctions and the evidence on arms embargoes. Finally, drawing some insights from previous sections, I present some points to be considered to design successful positive sanctions. In particular, I present five points to be taken in account: (i) the role of interest groups (ii) the rules of the game in economic integration; (iii) a policy-mix including disarmament; (iv) the role of civil society; (v) the credibility of sender governments.