Living and Working Together in Organizations: Traces and Ways

This article explores the state of the art in relation to the theme of living and working together in organizations and proposes a new theoretical model. A thorough examination of literature highlights that there are almost no works specifically coping with this theme, defining its theoretical perspective and specifying the choice of proposed indicators. Several, instead, are the works indirectly dealing with living and working together in organizations, mostly considered equivalent to the quality of interpersonal relationships, or developed starting from the theme of diversity and conflict. In reference to the social context, an important defining effort was carried out by Renzo Carli, who defines living together [convivenza in Italian] as the symbolic component of a social relationship, generated by three components: belonging systems, strangers and rules of the game. Living together means integrating these three elements of a relationship in order to create innovative products. This article proposes a review of this model, specifically designed for the organizational field. Living and working together in organizations is meant as the result of the cross among Identity, Otherness, and Work Purpose, within specific organizational Cultures of Diversity. Starting from this model, in dialogue with long-lasting research and intervention experience in various organizational contexts, we propose forms of living and working together in organizations that were empirically pointed out: generative-efficient, affiliating, performance-based, and chaotic-paralyzing styles.