Linee di tendenza della metafisica del Novecento

Tracing the lines of tendency of the Metaphysics on the 20th century does not mean to answer to the question “what is metaphysics” in the 20th century, but rather to present its methodological approach and to show its problematic aspects. In the 20th century the presence of the metaphysics is constant and operative, see for example Bergson, Blondel, Dilthey in Europe and Croce and Gentile in Italy, the renewed interest in Aristotle and Thomas – very different from that one of 19th century – the relationship between phenomenology and metaphysics in Husserl, Stein, Heidegger, Jaspers, Pareyson, Marcel and the interest in Augustin in philosphers like Sciacca, Guzzo and Guardini. There is moreover also a renewed openness to metaphysics both in the continental approach and in the analytical. The analytical philosophy and hermeneutics repropose with new instruments and models the metaphysical dimension. It is necessary to avoid the mistake of reducing the philosophy to a description and a diagnosis of what happens, relegating it into the experience of the facts, and to avoid the limit of the direct question “what is metaphysics”, that implies the impossibility for philosophy of saying the origin, an impossibility that force the philosophy to fail. There exists a third way, that is the understanding the way of the encounter of the two gaps in the thought on the 20th century. The lines of this thought concern the research of the truth, the problem of the whole and its conditions, the experience of the becoming and the unbecoming principle, the contradiction and the thought of finiteness.