TY - JOUR
T1 - Linear discriminant analysis of heart rate variability differentiates between autonomic modulation induced by acute physical and
psychophysiological stress
AU - Cataldi, C
AU - Brisinda, Donatella
AU - Venuti, Angela
AU - Iantorno, E
AU - Efremov, K
AU - Fenici, Riccardo
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Purpose: Heart rate variability (HRV) is increasingly used to study the psychophysiology of stress in laboratory environment. However, in the real life, it can be difficult to differentiate the relative contribution of psychophysiological stress (PS) and physical stress (PhS) when their ffects may overlap, such as during military or police tactical operations, or critical incidents. This study aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of HRV parameters in differentiating autonomic modulations induced by maximal PhS and by PS during realistic operational training (OT).
Methods: 12-lead ECG of 40 police officers (POs) was continuously monitored during rest daily activity (control state) and during highly demanding OT scenarios implying high PS without or with minimal PhS. All POs underwent, in a separate session, an exercise test with bicycle ergometer until muscle exhaustion. Baseline
clinical and psychological assessment was performed on the days of the
OT session. Behavior and tactical outcome were monitored with multiple video cameras. Quantitative estimates of time-domain (TD), frequency-domain (FD), and nonlinear HRV parameters were computed from standard (300-seconds),
short-term (120-seconds) and very short-term (60-seconds) intervals. Preliminarily time-varying (TV) spectral HRV analysis was used to visualize transient fluctuations
of FD components. Discriminant Analysis (DA) was applied to evaluate
which HRV parameters (or their combination) were efficient to provide adequate separation between PhS and PS.
Results: TV HRV analysis provided dynamic imaging of transient autonomic
adaptation induced by PS and/or PhS. Quantitative estimation of the majority
of TD and FD HRV parameters was not significantly affected by shortening
the length of the explored time-segments (from 300 to 60 seconds), as demonstrated by the intraclass correlation coefficient >0.70. DA differentiated PhS from PS with best predictive accuracy of single HRV parameters ranging between 82% and 92% (SD1/SD2 and SDNN/RMSSD, measured from 60-seconds and 120-seconds intervals, respectively). The highest classification accuracy (93%) was obtained with the combination of NL SD1/SD2 (Poincaré plot), rplmean and
rpadet (recurrence plot).
Conclusions: TV HRVa is efficient in evidencing transient changes of autonomic modulation of the heart rate during realistic OT. Quantitative estimate of HRV parameters is not significantly affected by shortening the duration of the explored time-window from 300 to 60 seconds. DA of HRV features may be useful to evaluate PS induced by realistic police OT and to distinguish it from overlapping PhS.
AB - Purpose: Heart rate variability (HRV) is increasingly used to study the psychophysiology of stress in laboratory environment. However, in the real life, it can be difficult to differentiate the relative contribution of psychophysiological stress (PS) and physical stress (PhS) when their ffects may overlap, such as during military or police tactical operations, or critical incidents. This study aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of HRV parameters in differentiating autonomic modulations induced by maximal PhS and by PS during realistic operational training (OT).
Methods: 12-lead ECG of 40 police officers (POs) was continuously monitored during rest daily activity (control state) and during highly demanding OT scenarios implying high PS without or with minimal PhS. All POs underwent, in a separate session, an exercise test with bicycle ergometer until muscle exhaustion. Baseline
clinical and psychological assessment was performed on the days of the
OT session. Behavior and tactical outcome were monitored with multiple video cameras. Quantitative estimates of time-domain (TD), frequency-domain (FD), and nonlinear HRV parameters were computed from standard (300-seconds),
short-term (120-seconds) and very short-term (60-seconds) intervals. Preliminarily time-varying (TV) spectral HRV analysis was used to visualize transient fluctuations
of FD components. Discriminant Analysis (DA) was applied to evaluate
which HRV parameters (or their combination) were efficient to provide adequate separation between PhS and PS.
Results: TV HRV analysis provided dynamic imaging of transient autonomic
adaptation induced by PS and/or PhS. Quantitative estimation of the majority
of TD and FD HRV parameters was not significantly affected by shortening
the length of the explored time-segments (from 300 to 60 seconds), as demonstrated by the intraclass correlation coefficient >0.70. DA differentiated PhS from PS with best predictive accuracy of single HRV parameters ranging between 82% and 92% (SD1/SD2 and SDNN/RMSSD, measured from 60-seconds and 120-seconds intervals, respectively). The highest classification accuracy (93%) was obtained with the combination of NL SD1/SD2 (Poincaré plot), rplmean and
rpadet (recurrence plot).
Conclusions: TV HRVa is efficient in evidencing transient changes of autonomic modulation of the heart rate during realistic OT. Quantitative estimate of HRV parameters is not significantly affected by shortening the duration of the explored time-window from 300 to 60 seconds. DA of HRV features may be useful to evaluate PS induced by realistic police OT and to distinguish it from overlapping PhS.
KW - heart rate variability
KW - linear discriminant analysis
KW - physical effortt
KW - psychological stress
KW - heart rate variability
KW - linear discriminant analysis
KW - physical effortt
KW - psychological stress
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/61529
M3 - Article
SN - 1522-9645
VL - 35
SP - 736
EP - 736
JO - European Heart Journal
JF - European Heart Journal
ER -