Le visioni del profeta Ezechiele: letture fra il XII secolo e Dante

[Autom. eng. transl.] The contribution considers the exegesis of the book of Ezekiel, and in particular of the vision of Ez 1, in the Latin authors of the centuries between the twelfth and fourteenth - for the latter limited to Dante, in comparison with the previous tradition. The premises set by the authors of the first centuries find in Gregory the Great an interpreter from which the subsequent comments will continually take up certain elements, which have become stable. In particular, the ordinary Glossa is considered, developed in the Laon schools in the early decades of the 12th century, which constitutes a great collector and diffuser of these themes. However, authors for different reasons of great impact such as Rupert of Deutz and Andrea di San Vittore propose particular declinations, the first through a marked Christocentric emphasis, the second with particular attention to showing the coherence of the dictation of the littera - according to their respective theological sensibilities , which research has highlighted best in recent decades. For his part Gioacchino da Fiore, as well as his socius Raniero da Ponza, read Ez 1 according to a historical-prophetic perspective. Among the comments of the following century are considered the "annotations of Hugh of St.Cher", the work of a group of Preachers active in Paris in the 1930s, which stands as an ambitious alternative to the ordinary Glossa, and the commentary by Peter by Giovanni Olivi, closer to the dry style and linked to the littera of Andrea di San Vittore. All this highlights the insistent interpretation that the vision of Ez 1 would represent in particular a prophecy of the four-form gospel and a revelation of the relationship between the Old and New Testaments. Dante, who seems to take Ezekiel as a model for his own vision and his own vocation to transmit it, also seems to refer to this tradition, in particular to suggest a particular hermeneutic status to his own writing - for which, as is well known, he proposes an exegesis parallel to that reserved for the Sacred Scriptures.