Le Torbiere del Sebino: evoluzione storica e caratteri geografici

[Autom. eng. transl.] Wetlands play a crucial role in both the maintenance of many natural cycles both in supporting biological diversity, so much to become object of visit and experiential tourism with the most practices as diverse as, for example, bird watching or fishing. The Italian ones surveyed by the Higher Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) based on the Pan Mediterranean Wetland Inventory approach of MedWet are 1,515 and correspond to an area of 771,124.82 has. If we consider the 1971 Ramsar Convention, the wetlands of international importance of the peninsula based on 9 criteria are 55, located in 15 Italian regions. They cover an area equal to 62,016 ha5. This area is actually greater (82,331 ha) because 10 other areas are in the process of being recognized. Of these, 6 are located in the Lombardy Region. One of them is represented by the Nature Reserve "Torbiere del Sebino", declared a Special Protection Area (SPA) from the European Union as well as a Site of Community Importance (SIC) and al at the same time part of the “Natura 2000” network. It takes on a particular territorial value, given the need to safeguard the "peat bog" environment as highlighted by the Directive relating to the conservation of natural and semi-natural habitats and wild flora and fauna. The bog - be it high, low, lonely, topogenous or transitional - in some cases it is considered a “priority natural habitat” at risk of extinction for whose conservation the Community has a particular liability (Directive 92/42 / EEC, art. 1, letter d and subsequent amendments9). This habitat is to be considered a “naturalistic component of the heritage cultural ”aimed at highlighting the“ cultural value of heritage natural as a 'testimony of civilization' as a result of the dynamic evolve the relationship between man and nature ". And it is precisely this dynamic evolution that leads to the analysis of peat bogs as a resource - common good - forming part of a larger system. System well described in the words of Alessandra Dalmagioni: “The landscape system that is established around the naturalistic area of the Sebino peat bogs, diachronic highlights the ambivalence of the artificial and natural components inside of the historical construction of the landscape, or of a specific landscape determined by one's own qualities of formal characters ". Worldwide, half of the world's wetlands are estimated to be are now lost and there is a risk of a decline in the remaining ones Awareness of this risk justifies on the one hand their protection, protection, safeguarding and enhancement on the other hand, the realization of historical-geographical studies on the subject that allow to transmit the importance of these areas justifying their value. Valence given from the consideration that each bog is “a book, the pages of which testify the millenary history of the territory in which it is located ".