La diffusione dell innovazione tecnologica attraverso le reti di impresa. Parchi scientifici tecnologici vs poli di competitività

[Autom. eng. transl.] Technological innovation is increasingly considered as a critical success factor in the face of global market turbulence. Faced with the growing globalization of the economy, the dependence of the productive activities of goods and services on R&D has strongly increased, strengthening the relationship between the ability of companies to innovate and the increase in their competitiveness. In the development of activities within the network focused on technology transfer, a significant role is assumed by the actor-coordinator who, thanks to his position in the network, is able to support the sharing of resources among the various actors. This situation is reflected in the reality of the Science and Technology Parks (PST), considered by the National Research Council (CNR) as areas located near university and / or advanced research centers (centers of excellence), able to favor settlement of new activities with high scientific and technological content, even with new businesses. The Science and Technology Park (PST) has also become a valid tool for the implementation of innovation and territorial competitiveness, becoming a pole of competitiveness. The main purpose of this paper is therefore to investigate the strategic-organizational modality through which the diffusion of technological innovation is realized, considering the softest elements of the same. This work is divided into two sections. The first, of a theoretical-methodological nature, is dedicated to a bibliographic review of the topics investigated, while the second part is dedicated to the presentation of cases concerning three Italian Technological Science Parks. The cases were carried out through semi-structured interviews conducted with Managing Directors, heads of the technology transfer area, and project managers developed in three PSTs.