Introduzione. Le migrazioni dopo il 13 novembre 2015: dalla paura alla cittadinanza rivisitata

The stock of residents with non-Italian citizenship living in Brescia in 2016 is 163.652, thus representing the 12,9% of the total population. According to data, Brescia is still one of the most multiethnic city in Lombardia, but the huge growth of migrant population in the city, which has increased in the past decades, in the last three years has come to a standstill and in 2016 has turned into a decrease. Comparing the year 2015 with 2016, we can notice that there is a 1.8 percentage-point decrease in absolute terms and a 0.3 percentage-point decrease in the incidence rate. The reasons for returning home are as complex as human mind; however the decline of migrant inflow can be attributed to the country wide economical crisis, which not only discourages new arrivals but also is causing the reason for returning home or moving to other European countries. The number of registered migrants who leaved Brescia over last year is considerable: 1.500 foreigners came back to their native countries or choose another place in order to begin a new life. In Brescia migrant workers are overrepresented in such sectors as construction, manufacturing, hotels and restaurants, agriculture and domestic service; most of these sectors have been seriously affected by the economical crisis with migrant workers experiencing the major shocks. In Brescia there are some areas marked by a heavy concentration of migrant population, for example, the historic city centre called “Carmine” (39.8% of foreigners out the total population). The foreign-born population in Brescia has significantly lower house ownership rate, compared with the natives and tends to have a higher likelihood of being in private rental sector (68.3%) than in social housing sector (5.7%). Brescia can be defined a “multi-religious city” with the religions most represented being: Islam (44,8%), Catholic (16,7%), Orthodox (21,0%) and Sikh (8,0%). The number of foreign pupils in the schools in Brescia has come to a standstill due to the decrease of newly arrived migrant people and the high return rate.