Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion

Isabelle Cleynen; Worrawat Engchuan; Matthew S. Hestand; Tracy Heung; Aaron M. Holleman; H. Richard Johnston; Thomas Monfeuga; Donna M. Mcdonald-Mcginn; Raquel E. Gur; Bernice E. Morrow; Ann Swillen; Jacob A. S. Vorstman; Carrie E. Bearden; Eva W. C. Chow; Marianne Van Den Bree; Beverly S. Emanuel; Joris R. Vermeesch; Stephen T. Warren; Michael J. Owen; Pankaj Chopra; David J. Cutler; Richard Duncan; Alex V. Kotlar; Jennifer G. Mulle; Anna J. Voss; Michael E. Zwick; Alexander Diacou; Aaron Golden; Tingwei Guo; Jhih-Rong Lin; Tao Wang; Zhengdong Zhang; Yingjie Zhao; Yu Yang Zhao; Christian Marshall; Daniele Merico; Andrea Jin; Brenna Lilley; Harold I. Salmons; Oanh Tran; Peter Holmans; Antonio Pardinas; James T. R. Walters; Wolfram Demaerel; Erik Boot; Nancy J. Butcher; Gregory A. Costain; Chelsea Lowther; Rens Evers; Therese A. M. J. Van Amelsvoort; Esther Van Duin; Claudia Vingerhoets; Jeroen Breckpot; Koen Devriendt; Elfi Vergaelen; Annick Vogels; T. Blaine Crowley; Daniel E. Mcginn; Edward M. Moss; Robert J. Sharkus; Marta Unolt; Elaine H. Zackai; Monica E. Calkins; Robert S. Gallagher; Ruben C. Gur; Sunny X. Tang; Rosemarie Fritsch; Claudia Ornstein; Gabriela M. Repetto; Elemi Breetvelt; Sasja N. Duijff; Ania Fiksinski; Hayley Moss; Maria Niarchou; Kieran C. Murphy; Sarah E. Prasad; Eileen M. Daly; Maria Gudbrandsen; Clodagh M. Murphy; Declan G. Murphy; Antonio Buzzanca; Fabio Di Fabio; Maria C. Digilio; Maria Pontillo; Bruno Marino; Stefano Vicari; Karlene Coleman; Joseph F. Cubells; Opal Y. Ousley; Miri Carmel; Doron Gothelf; Ehud Mekori-Domachevsky; Elena Michaelovsky; Ronnie Weinberger; Abraham Weizman; Leila Kushan; Maria Jalbrzikowski; Marco Armando; Stéphan Eliez; Corrado Sandini; Maude Schneider; Frédérique Sloan Béna; Kevin M. Antshel; Wanda Fremont; Wendy R. Kates; Raoul Belzeaux; Tiffany Busa; Nicole Philip; Linda E. Campbell; Kathryn L. Mccabe; Stephen R. Hooper; Kelly Schoch; Vandana Shashi; Tony J. Simon; Flora Tassone; Celso Arango; David Fraguas; Sixto García-Miñaúr; Jaume Morey-Canyelles; Jordi Rosell; Damià H. Suñer; Jasna Raventos-Simic; Michael P. Epstein; Nigel M. Williams; Anne S. Bassett

doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3

Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion

Isabelle Cleynen, Worrawat Engchuan, Matthew S. Hestand, Tracy Heung, Aaron M. Holleman, H. Richard Johnston, Thomas Monfeuga, Donna M. Mcdonald-Mcginn, Raquel E. Gur, Bernice E. Morrow, Ann Swillen, Jacob A. S. Vorstman, Carrie E. Bearden, Eva W. C. Chow, Marianne Van Den Bree, Beverly S. Emanuel, Joris R. Vermeesch, Stephen T. Warren, Michael J. Owen, Pankaj ChopraDavid J. Cutler, Richard Duncan, Alex V. Kotlar, Jennifer G. Mulle, Anna J. Voss, Michael E. Zwick, Alexander Diacou, Aaron Golden, Tingwei Guo, Jhih-Rong Lin, Tao Wang, Zhengdong Zhang, Yingjie Zhao, Yu Yang Zhao, Christian Marshall, Daniele Merico, Andrea Jin, Brenna Lilley, Harold I. Salmons, Oanh Tran, Peter Holmans, Antonio Pardinas, James T. R. Walters, Wolfram Demaerel, Erik Boot, Nancy J. Butcher, Gregory A. Costain, Chelsea Lowther, Rens Evers, Therese A. M. J. Van Amelsvoort, Esther Van Duin, Claudia Vingerhoets, Jeroen Breckpot, Koen Devriendt, Elfi Vergaelen, Annick Vogels, T. Blaine Crowley, Daniel E. Mcginn, Edward M. Moss, Robert J. Sharkus, Marta Unolt, Elaine H. Zackai, Monica E. Calkins, Robert S. Gallagher, Ruben C. Gur, Sunny X. Tang, Rosemarie Fritsch, Claudia Ornstein, Gabriela M. Repetto, Elemi Breetvelt, Sasja N. Duijff, Ania Fiksinski, Hayley Moss, Maria Niarchou, Kieran C. Murphy, Sarah E. Prasad, Eileen M. Daly, Maria Gudbrandsen, Clodagh M. Murphy, Declan G. Murphy, Antonio Buzzanca, Fabio Di Fabio, Maria C. Digilio, Maria Pontillo, Bruno Marino, Stefano Vicari, Karlene Coleman, Joseph F. Cubells, Opal Y. Ousley, Miri Carmel, Doron Gothelf, Ehud Mekori-Domachevsky, Elena Michaelovsky, Ronnie Weinberger, Abraham Weizman, Leila Kushan, Maria Jalbrzikowski, Marco Armando, Stéphan Eliez, Corrado Sandini, Maude Schneider, Frédérique Sloan Béna, Kevin M. Antshel, Wanda Fremont, Wendy R. Kates, Raoul Belzeaux, Tiffany Busa, Nicole Philip, Linda E. Campbell, Kathryn L. Mccabe, Stephen R. Hooper, Kelly Schoch, Vandana Shashi, Tony J. Simon, Flora Tassone, Celso Arango, David Fraguas, Sixto García-Miñaúr, Jaume Morey-Canyelles, Jordi Rosell, Damià H. Suñer, Jasna Raventos-Simic, Michael P. Epstein^*, Nigel M. Williams^*, Anne S. Bassett^*

^*Corresponding author

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

24 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Schizophrenia occurs in about one in four individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). The aim of this International Brain and Behavior 22q11.2DS Consortium (IBBC) study was to identify genetic factors that contribute to schizophrenia, in addition to the ~20-fold increased risk conveyed by the 22q11.2 deletion. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 519 unrelated individuals with 22q11.2DS, we conducted genome-wide comparisons of common and rare variants between those with schizophrenia and those with no psychotic disorder at age ≥25 years. Available microarray data enabled direct comparison of polygenic risk for schizophrenia between 22q11.2DS and independent population samples with no 22q11.2 deletion, with and without schizophrenia (total n = 35,182). Polygenic risk for schizophrenia within 22q11.2DS was significantly greater for those with schizophrenia (padj = 6.73 × 10−6). Novel reciprocal case–control comparisons between the 22q11.2DS and population-based cohorts showed that polygenic risk score was significantly greater in individuals with psychotic illness, regardless of the presence of the 22q11.2 deletion. Within the 22q11.2DS cohort, results of gene-set analyses showed some support for rare variants affecting synaptic genes. No common or rare variants within the 22q11.2 deletion region were significantly associated with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that in addition to the deletion conferring a greatly increased risk to schizophrenia, the risk is higher when the 22q11.2 deletion and common polygenic risk factors that contribute to schizophrenia in the general population are both present.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	N/A-N/A
Journal	Molecular Psychiatry
Volume	2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3
Publication status	Published - 2020

Keywords

22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Schizophrenia
genetic factors

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10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3

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Cleynen, I., Engchuan, W., Hestand, M. S., Heung, T., Holleman, A. M., Johnston, H. R., Monfeuga, T., Mcdonald-Mcginn, D. M., Gur, R. E., Morrow, B. E., Swillen, A., Vorstman, J. A. S., Bearden, C. E., Chow, E. W. C., Van Den Bree, M., Emanuel, B. S., Vermeesch, J. R., Warren, S. T., Owen, M. J., ... Bassett, A. S. (2020). Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion. Molecular Psychiatry, 2020, N/A-N/A. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3

@article{439faeb955564b56be64e4dc2c66ded1,

title = "Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion",

abstract = "Schizophrenia occurs in about one in four individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). The aim of this International Brain and Behavior 22q11.2DS Consortium (IBBC) study was to identify genetic factors that contribute to schizophrenia, in addition to the ~20-fold increased risk conveyed by the 22q11.2 deletion. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 519 unrelated individuals with 22q11.2DS, we conducted genome-wide comparisons of common and rare variants between those with schizophrenia and those with no psychotic disorder at age ≥25 years. Available microarray data enabled direct comparison of polygenic risk for schizophrenia between 22q11.2DS and independent population samples with no 22q11.2 deletion, with and without schizophrenia (total n = 35,182). Polygenic risk for schizophrenia within 22q11.2DS was significantly greater for those with schizophrenia (padj = 6.73 × 10−6). Novel reciprocal case–control comparisons between the 22q11.2DS and population-based cohorts showed that polygenic risk score was significantly greater in individuals with psychotic illness, regardless of the presence of the 22q11.2 deletion. Within the 22q11.2DS cohort, results of gene-set analyses showed some support for rare variants affecting synaptic genes. No common or rare variants within the 22q11.2 deletion region were significantly associated with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that in addition to the deletion conferring a greatly increased risk to schizophrenia, the risk is higher when the 22q11.2 deletion and common polygenic risk factors that contribute to schizophrenia in the general population are both present.",

keywords = "22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Schizophrenia, genetic factors, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Schizophrenia, genetic factors",

author = "Isabelle Cleynen and Worrawat Engchuan and Hestand, {Matthew S.} and Tracy Heung and Holleman, {Aaron M.} and Johnston, {H. Richard} and Thomas Monfeuga and Mcdonald-Mcginn, {Donna M.} and Gur, {Raquel E.} and Morrow, {Bernice E.} and Ann Swillen and Vorstman, {Jacob A. S.} and Bearden, {Carrie E.} and Chow, {Eva W. C.} and {Van Den Bree}, Marianne and Emanuel, {Beverly S.} and Vermeesch, {Joris R.} and Warren, {Stephen T.} and Owen, {Michael J.} and Pankaj Chopra and Cutler, {David J.} and Richard Duncan and Kotlar, {Alex V.} and Mulle, {Jennifer G.} and Voss, {Anna J.} and Zwick, {Michael E.} and Alexander Diacou and Aaron Golden and Tingwei Guo and Jhih-Rong Lin and Tao Wang and Zhengdong Zhang and Yingjie Zhao and Zhao, {Yu Yang} and Christian Marshall and Daniele Merico and Andrea Jin and Brenna Lilley and Salmons, {Harold I.} and Oanh Tran and Peter Holmans and Antonio Pardinas and Walters, {James T. R.} and Wolfram Demaerel and Erik Boot and Butcher, {Nancy J.} and Costain, {Gregory A.} and Chelsea Lowther and Rens Evers and {Van Amelsvoort}, {Therese A. M. J.} and {Van Duin}, Esther and Claudia Vingerhoets and Jeroen Breckpot and Koen Devriendt and Elfi Vergaelen and Annick Vogels and Crowley, {T. Blaine} and Mcginn, {Daniel E.} and Moss, {Edward M.} and Sharkus, {Robert J.} and Marta Unolt and Zackai, {Elaine H.} and Calkins, {Monica E.} and Gallagher, {Robert S.} and Gur, {Ruben C.} and Tang, {Sunny X.} and Rosemarie Fritsch and Claudia Ornstein and Repetto, {Gabriela M.} and Elemi Breetvelt and Duijff, {Sasja N.} and Ania Fiksinski and Hayley Moss and Maria Niarchou and Murphy, {Kieran C.} and Prasad, {Sarah E.} and Daly, {Eileen M.} and Maria Gudbrandsen and Murphy, {Clodagh M.} and Murphy, {Declan G.} and Antonio Buzzanca and Fabio, {Fabio Di} and Digilio, {Maria C.} and Maria Pontillo and Bruno Marino and Stefano Vicari and Karlene Coleman and Cubells, {Joseph F.} and Ousley, {Opal Y.} and Miri Carmel and Doron Gothelf and Ehud Mekori-Domachevsky and Elena Michaelovsky and Ronnie Weinberger and Abraham Weizman and Leila Kushan and Maria Jalbrzikowski and Marco Armando and St{\'e}phan Eliez and Corrado Sandini and Maude Schneider and B{\'e}na, {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique Sloan} and Antshel, {Kevin M.} and Wanda Fremont and Kates, {Wendy R.} and Raoul Belzeaux and Tiffany Busa and Nicole Philip and Campbell, {Linda E.} and Mccabe, {Kathryn L.} and Hooper, {Stephen R.} and Kelly Schoch and Vandana Shashi and Simon, {Tony J.} and Flora Tassone and Celso Arango and David Fraguas and Sixto Garc{\'i}a-Mi{\~n}a{\'u}r and Jaume Morey-Canyelles and Jordi Rosell and Su{\~n}er, {Dami{\`a} H.} and Jasna Raventos-Simic and Epstein, {Michael P.} and Williams, {Nigel M.} and Bassett, {Anne S.}",

year = "2020",

doi = "10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3",

language = "English",

volume = "2020",

pages = "N/A--N/A",

journal = "Molecular Psychiatry",

issn = "1359-4184",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

}

Cleynen, I, Engchuan, W, Hestand, MS, Heung, T, Holleman, AM, Johnston, HR, Monfeuga, T, Mcdonald-Mcginn, DM, Gur, RE, Morrow, BE, Swillen, A, Vorstman, JAS, Bearden, CE, Chow, EWC, Van Den Bree, M, Emanuel, BS, Vermeesch, JR, Warren, ST, Owen, MJ, Chopra, P, Cutler, DJ, Duncan, R, Kotlar, AV, Mulle, JG, Voss, AJ, Zwick, ME, Diacou, A, Golden, A, Guo, T, Lin, J-R, Wang, T, Zhang, Z, Zhao, Y, Zhao, YY, Marshall, C, Merico, D, Jin, A, Lilley, B, Salmons, HI, Tran, O, Holmans, P, Pardinas, A, Walters, JTR, Demaerel, W, Boot, E, Butcher, NJ, Costain, GA, Lowther, C, Evers, R, Van Amelsvoort, TAMJ, Van Duin, E, Vingerhoets, C, Breckpot, J, Devriendt, K, Vergaelen, E, Vogels, A, Crowley, TB, Mcginn, DE, Moss, EM, Sharkus, RJ, Unolt, M, Zackai, EH, Calkins, ME, Gallagher, RS, Gur, RC, Tang, SX, Fritsch, R, Ornstein, C, Repetto, GM, Breetvelt, E, Duijff, SN, Fiksinski, A, Moss, H, Niarchou, M, Murphy, KC, Prasad, SE, Daly, EM, Gudbrandsen, M, Murphy, CM, Murphy, DG, Buzzanca, A, Fabio, FD, Digilio, MC, Pontillo, M, Marino, B, Vicari, S, Coleman, K, Cubells, JF, Ousley, OY, Carmel, M, Gothelf, D, Mekori-Domachevsky, E, Michaelovsky, E, Weinberger, R, Weizman, A, Kushan, L, Jalbrzikowski, M, Armando, M, Eliez, S, Sandini, C, Schneider, M, Béna, FS, Antshel, KM, Fremont, W, Kates, WR, Belzeaux, R, Busa, T, Philip, N, Campbell, LE, Mccabe, KL, Hooper, SR, Schoch, K, Shashi, V, Simon, TJ, Tassone, F, Arango, C, Fraguas, D, García-Miñaúr, S, Morey-Canyelles, J, Rosell, J, Suñer, DH, Raventos-Simic, J, Epstein, MP, Williams, NM & Bassett, AS 2020, 'Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 2020, pp. N/A-N/A. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3

TY - JOUR

T1 - Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion

AU - Cleynen, Isabelle

AU - Engchuan, Worrawat

AU - Hestand, Matthew S.

AU - Heung, Tracy

AU - Holleman, Aaron M.

AU - Johnston, H. Richard

AU - Monfeuga, Thomas

AU - Mcdonald-Mcginn, Donna M.

AU - Gur, Raquel E.

AU - Morrow, Bernice E.

AU - Swillen, Ann

AU - Vorstman, Jacob A. S.

AU - Bearden, Carrie E.

AU - Chow, Eva W. C.

AU - Van Den Bree, Marianne

AU - Emanuel, Beverly S.

AU - Vermeesch, Joris R.

AU - Warren, Stephen T.

AU - Owen, Michael J.

AU - Chopra, Pankaj

AU - Cutler, David J.

AU - Duncan, Richard

AU - Kotlar, Alex V.

AU - Mulle, Jennifer G.

AU - Voss, Anna J.

AU - Zwick, Michael E.

AU - Diacou, Alexander

AU - Golden, Aaron

AU - Guo, Tingwei

AU - Lin, Jhih-Rong

AU - Wang, Tao

AU - Zhang, Zhengdong

AU - Zhao, Yingjie

AU - Zhao, Yu Yang

AU - Marshall, Christian

AU - Merico, Daniele

AU - Jin, Andrea

AU - Lilley, Brenna

AU - Salmons, Harold I.

AU - Tran, Oanh

AU - Holmans, Peter

AU - Pardinas, Antonio

AU - Walters, James T. R.

AU - Demaerel, Wolfram

AU - Boot, Erik

AU - Butcher, Nancy J.

AU - Costain, Gregory A.

AU - Lowther, Chelsea

AU - Evers, Rens

AU - Van Amelsvoort, Therese A. M. J.

AU - Van Duin, Esther

AU - Vingerhoets, Claudia

AU - Breckpot, Jeroen

AU - Devriendt, Koen

AU - Vergaelen, Elfi

AU - Vogels, Annick

AU - Crowley, T. Blaine

AU - Mcginn, Daniel E.

AU - Moss, Edward M.

AU - Sharkus, Robert J.

AU - Unolt, Marta

AU - Zackai, Elaine H.

AU - Calkins, Monica E.

AU - Gallagher, Robert S.

AU - Gur, Ruben C.

AU - Tang, Sunny X.

AU - Fritsch, Rosemarie

AU - Ornstein, Claudia

AU - Repetto, Gabriela M.

AU - Breetvelt, Elemi

AU - Duijff, Sasja N.

AU - Fiksinski, Ania

AU - Moss, Hayley

AU - Niarchou, Maria

AU - Murphy, Kieran C.

AU - Prasad, Sarah E.

AU - Daly, Eileen M.

AU - Gudbrandsen, Maria

AU - Murphy, Clodagh M.

AU - Murphy, Declan G.

AU - Buzzanca, Antonio

AU - Fabio, Fabio Di

AU - Digilio, Maria C.

AU - Pontillo, Maria

AU - Marino, Bruno

AU - Vicari, Stefano

AU - Coleman, Karlene

AU - Cubells, Joseph F.

AU - Ousley, Opal Y.

AU - Carmel, Miri

AU - Gothelf, Doron

AU - Mekori-Domachevsky, Ehud

AU - Michaelovsky, Elena

AU - Weinberger, Ronnie

AU - Weizman, Abraham

AU - Kushan, Leila

AU - Jalbrzikowski, Maria

AU - Armando, Marco

AU - Eliez, Stéphan

AU - Sandini, Corrado

AU - Schneider, Maude

AU - Béna, Frédérique Sloan

AU - Antshel, Kevin M.

AU - Fremont, Wanda

AU - Kates, Wendy R.

AU - Belzeaux, Raoul

AU - Busa, Tiffany

AU - Philip, Nicole

AU - Campbell, Linda E.

AU - Mccabe, Kathryn L.

AU - Hooper, Stephen R.

AU - Schoch, Kelly

AU - Shashi, Vandana

AU - Simon, Tony J.

AU - Tassone, Flora

AU - Arango, Celso

AU - Fraguas, David

AU - García-Miñaúr, Sixto

AU - Morey-Canyelles, Jaume

AU - Rosell, Jordi

AU - Suñer, Damià H.

AU - Raventos-Simic, Jasna

AU - Epstein, Michael P.

AU - Williams, Nigel M.

AU - Bassett, Anne S.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Schizophrenia occurs in about one in four individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). The aim of this International Brain and Behavior 22q11.2DS Consortium (IBBC) study was to identify genetic factors that contribute to schizophrenia, in addition to the ~20-fold increased risk conveyed by the 22q11.2 deletion. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 519 unrelated individuals with 22q11.2DS, we conducted genome-wide comparisons of common and rare variants between those with schizophrenia and those with no psychotic disorder at age ≥25 years. Available microarray data enabled direct comparison of polygenic risk for schizophrenia between 22q11.2DS and independent population samples with no 22q11.2 deletion, with and without schizophrenia (total n = 35,182). Polygenic risk for schizophrenia within 22q11.2DS was significantly greater for those with schizophrenia (padj = 6.73 × 10−6). Novel reciprocal case–control comparisons between the 22q11.2DS and population-based cohorts showed that polygenic risk score was significantly greater in individuals with psychotic illness, regardless of the presence of the 22q11.2 deletion. Within the 22q11.2DS cohort, results of gene-set analyses showed some support for rare variants affecting synaptic genes. No common or rare variants within the 22q11.2 deletion region were significantly associated with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that in addition to the deletion conferring a greatly increased risk to schizophrenia, the risk is higher when the 22q11.2 deletion and common polygenic risk factors that contribute to schizophrenia in the general population are both present.

AB - Schizophrenia occurs in about one in four individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). The aim of this International Brain and Behavior 22q11.2DS Consortium (IBBC) study was to identify genetic factors that contribute to schizophrenia, in addition to the ~20-fold increased risk conveyed by the 22q11.2 deletion. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 519 unrelated individuals with 22q11.2DS, we conducted genome-wide comparisons of common and rare variants between those with schizophrenia and those with no psychotic disorder at age ≥25 years. Available microarray data enabled direct comparison of polygenic risk for schizophrenia between 22q11.2DS and independent population samples with no 22q11.2 deletion, with and without schizophrenia (total n = 35,182). Polygenic risk for schizophrenia within 22q11.2DS was significantly greater for those with schizophrenia (padj = 6.73 × 10−6). Novel reciprocal case–control comparisons between the 22q11.2DS and population-based cohorts showed that polygenic risk score was significantly greater in individuals with psychotic illness, regardless of the presence of the 22q11.2 deletion. Within the 22q11.2DS cohort, results of gene-set analyses showed some support for rare variants affecting synaptic genes. No common or rare variants within the 22q11.2 deletion region were significantly associated with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that in addition to the deletion conferring a greatly increased risk to schizophrenia, the risk is higher when the 22q11.2 deletion and common polygenic risk factors that contribute to schizophrenia in the general population are both present.

KW - 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

KW - Schizophrenia

KW - genetic factors

KW - 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

KW - Schizophrenia

KW - genetic factors

UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/178825

U2 - 10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3

DO - 10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3

M3 - Article

SN - 1359-4184

VL - 2020

SP - N/A-N/A

JO - Molecular Psychiatry

JF - Molecular Psychiatry

ER -

Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion

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