Film growth minimization in a Li-ion cell: A Pseudo Two Dimensional model-based optimal charging approach

Safety, fast charging and aging are among the most important issues when dealing with high power battery packs in electric and hybrid vehicles. Today's charging strategies are designed to guarantee safe operation in a conservative way, but are far from being optimal in terms of aging reduction and time charging minimization. For this reason, the interest of the research is focused on developing model-based battery management systems. Comparing standard charging strategies with health-aware optimization-based ones is difficult since they usually provide different charging times: are we willing to charge the battery in more time if this comes with an aging reduction? When a customer is faced with such a question, the answer is not so trivial. For this reason, in this paper we provide health-aware Pseudo Two Dimensional model-based strategies with the same charging time of standard CC-Cv protocols. The results show that significant aging improvements can be obtained, even by constraining the charging time to be the same as the CC-Cv protocol.