Fattori di rischio e di protezione nella genitorialità fragile

[Autom. eng. transl.] The aim of this contribution is to always keep the attention alive to the interconnection between risk factors and protective factors present in those growth contexts characterized by difficulty and parental fragility. The concept of parental fragility, compared to other terms with a markedly clinical meaning, recalls the presence of difficulties and psychological, social and educational suffering in parents who influence or could influence the development trajectories of their children, evolving towards chronic forms of discomfort and maladjustment or that, vice versa, could change positively through the strengthening of resources and individual and family skills. Fragile, therefore, in the sense of delicate, weak, weakened, frail, and therefore subject to breaking or breaking. But, also, in the sense of needy, needy, requesting, incomplete and devoid of resources to cope with difficulties and obstacles. Among the many forms of parental fragility, it requires attention and far-sighted reflection in a preventive key, that which manifests itself through omissive and commissive actions against children who are forgotten and neglected or become the target of physical, verbal and sexual violence. In this chapter we will deal with fragile, violent and neglectful parents, not to make them an identikit or to describe their psychological or family characteristics, but rather to capture that intertwining of negative factors and useful resources to outline any support and support actions aimed at recovery of positive evolutionary trajectories for children. The impetus to support, even in a preventive perspective, fragile parenting arises from the awareness of the serious damages that could be run by boys and girls forced to live daily with parents who, often unintentionally other times intentionally, erode the construction of their children's sense of trust, causing suffering, repressed anger, desire for revenge, aggressive and sadistic actions and thoughts. For this we will begin by briefly recalling the characteristics of childhood violence and the severity of its consequences and then introducing the dimensions on which the protocol on risk factors and protective factors in assessing parenting skills in case of prejudice are based.