Entre historia nacional e historia global: narrativas católicas sobre libertad religiosa en el México del siglo XX

[Autom. eng. transl.] In the framework of the harsh confrontation between the Catholic Church and the Mexican State that emerged from the Revolution of the Ten Years, which reached its peak with the promulgation of the anticlerical Constitution of Querétaro (February 5, 1917) and, later, the outbreak After the so-called “Cristero War” (1926-1929), Mexican Catholicism had to confront all its levels (from the ecclesiastical hierarchy to the laity) with a very aggressive historical narrative, according to which the Catholic Church bore the responsibility of the main evils of Mexican society, in addition to being guilty of the annihilation of pre-Hispanic cultures and even having constantly acted against the interests of the homeland, from the nineteenth-century independence to the revolution. A very effective synthesis of this narrative can be found in the debate on the anticlerical articles of the Mexican Magna Carta in the Constituent Congress, as well as in successive moments. Faced with the attacks of the anticlerical matrix, based on this peculiar reading of modern and contemporary Mexican history, the Church has organized its response through different narratives, whose evolution throughout the 20th century (until the constitutional reform of the anticlerical articles carried out under the PRI presidency of Carlos Salinas de Gortari in 1992) is at the center of this essay.