TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative Fecal Microbiota Analysis of Infants With Acute Bronchiolitis Caused or Not Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus
AU - De Maio, Flavio
AU - Buonsenso, Danilo
AU - Bianco, Delia Mercedes
AU - Giaimo, Martina
AU - Fosso, Bruno
AU - Monzo, Francesca Romana
AU - Sali, Michela
AU - Posteraro, Brunella
AU - Valentini, Piero
AU - Sanguinetti, Maurizio
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or non-RSV agents is a health-menacing lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease of infants. Whereas RSV causes more severe disease than other viral agents may, genus-dominant fecal microbiota profiles have been identified in US hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis. We investigated the fecal microbiota composition of infants admitted to an Italian hospital with acute RSV (25/37 [67.6%]; group I) or non-RSV (12/37 [32.4%]; group II) bronchiolitis, and the relationship of fecal microbiota characteristics with the clinical characteristics of infants. Group I and group II infants differed significantly (24/25 [96.0%] versus 5/12 [41.7%]; P = 0.001) regarding 90% oxygen saturation (SpO2), which is an increased respiratory effort hallmark. Accordingly, impaired feeding in infants from group I was significantly more frequent than in infants from group II (19/25 [76.0%] versus 4/12 [33.3%]; P = 0.04). Conversely, the median (IQR) length of stay was not significantly different between the two groups (seven [3–14] for group I versus five [5–10] for group II; P = 0.11). The 16S ribosomal RNA V3–V4 region amplification of infants’ fecal samples resulted in 299 annotated amplicon sequence variants. Based on alpha- and beta-diversity microbiota downstream analyses, group I and group II infants had similar bacterial communities in their samples. Additionally, comparing infants having <90% SpO2 (n = 29) with infants having ≥90% SpO2 (n = 8) showed that well-known dominant genera (Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia/Shigella, and Enterobacter/Veillonella) were differently, but not significantly (P = 0.44, P = 0.71, P = 0.98, and P = 0.41, respectively) abundant between the two subgroups. Overall, we showed that, regardless of RSV or non-RSV bronchiolitis etiology, no fecal microbiota-composing bacteria could be associated with the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Larger and longitudinally conducted studies will be necessary to confirm these findings.
AB - Bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or non-RSV agents is a health-menacing lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease of infants. Whereas RSV causes more severe disease than other viral agents may, genus-dominant fecal microbiota profiles have been identified in US hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis. We investigated the fecal microbiota composition of infants admitted to an Italian hospital with acute RSV (25/37 [67.6%]; group I) or non-RSV (12/37 [32.4%]; group II) bronchiolitis, and the relationship of fecal microbiota characteristics with the clinical characteristics of infants. Group I and group II infants differed significantly (24/25 [96.0%] versus 5/12 [41.7%]; P = 0.001) regarding 90% oxygen saturation (SpO2), which is an increased respiratory effort hallmark. Accordingly, impaired feeding in infants from group I was significantly more frequent than in infants from group II (19/25 [76.0%] versus 4/12 [33.3%]; P = 0.04). Conversely, the median (IQR) length of stay was not significantly different between the two groups (seven [3–14] for group I versus five [5–10] for group II; P = 0.11). The 16S ribosomal RNA V3–V4 region amplification of infants’ fecal samples resulted in 299 annotated amplicon sequence variants. Based on alpha- and beta-diversity microbiota downstream analyses, group I and group II infants had similar bacterial communities in their samples. Additionally, comparing infants having <90% SpO2 (n = 29) with infants having ≥90% SpO2 (n = 8) showed that well-known dominant genera (Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia/Shigella, and Enterobacter/Veillonella) were differently, but not significantly (P = 0.44, P = 0.71, P = 0.98, and P = 0.41, respectively) abundant between the two subgroups. Overall, we showed that, regardless of RSV or non-RSV bronchiolitis etiology, no fecal microbiota-composing bacteria could be associated with the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Larger and longitudinally conducted studies will be necessary to confirm these findings.
KW - Bronchiolitis
KW - Feces
KW - Humans
KW - Infant
KW - Microbiota
KW - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
KW - Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
KW - acute bronchiolitis
KW - fecal microbiota
KW - infants
KW - respiratory effort
KW - respiratory syncytial virus
KW - severe illness
KW - Bronchiolitis
KW - Feces
KW - Humans
KW - Infant
KW - Microbiota
KW - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
KW - Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
KW - acute bronchiolitis
KW - fecal microbiota
KW - infants
KW - respiratory effort
KW - respiratory syncytial virus
KW - severe illness
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/205431
U2 - 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815715
DO - 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815715
M3 - Article
SN - 2235-2988
VL - 7
SP - 815715-N/A
JO - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
JF - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
ER -